1. Dolly is a sheep that in 1997 was experimented on for cloning.
2. It is called embryo twining.
3. Somatic cells are also called diploids.
4. The gene is inserted into the plasmid.
5. The donor egg cell must have its nucleus removed.
6. Mimi (brown), Medgo (black), Mom (white), petri dishes, microscope, a sharp pipette, a blunt pipette and a chemical that stimulates cell division.
7. 4-Stimulate cell division
6-Deliver baby
2-Remove and discard the nucleus from the egg cell
1-Isolate donor cells from egg donor and germ cell donor
3- Transfer the somatic cell nucleus into the egg cell
5-Implant embryo into a surrogate mother
8. The first things that needs to be waited for is that the nucleus and the cell need a couple of hours to adjust to each other. The second thing is that the cell needs time to divide a few times creating a ball of 16 cells in the petri dish.
9. Brown and Mimi
10. Because they are only able to clone the female version of extinct animals.
11. A couple reasons to clone a human are to have them do things that you don't want to do, or if two people cant reproduce.
12. Sea Urchins
13. He made a tiny noose and tightened it between the two cells.
14. Enucleation
15. Tadpole. Some worked and some didn't.
16. No it can not.
17. Mammals are harder to clone because the egg cells are smaller.
18. Eyestone and Prather
19. It was formed in 1997.
20. The first mammal that was cloned was Dolley the Lamb.
21. They are given a small electric shock.
22. Medical protein Factor IX
23. Stem cells are cells found in all multi cellular organisms.
24. CC was not the same color as rainbow because of the X chromosome. Rainbow has different colored fur due to genes in the x chromosome being turned on or off.
25. Nature vs nurture is pretty much your genetics vs your epigenome. So what is in your DNA, and how you are raised and how environmental factors play into the way you are.
26. NO: The fusion of the goats is not genetically identical to any single goat.
YES: Since the 16 original cells came from the same embryo, they are genetically identical.
YES: All of the offspring are genetically identical.
NO: Each embryo resulted in a genetically unique offspring.
NO: The cows are genetically different, resulting in unique offspring.
27. - Invitro fertilization is the coming together of egg and sperm that produces an offspring that is made partially of the fathers
genes and partially of the mothers.
-Embryo splitting is the splitting of an embryo into multiple embryos with identical genes.
-Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer is the process of gathering cells whose nuclei are to be transferred into an enucleated egg.
-Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer is a process in which multiple and different egg cells are made from an animal and then fertilized.
-Artificial Insemination is the use of a germ cell from a desirable animal in selective breeding.
28. There are many failures do to the the embryo being often rejected by the surrogate mother.
29. A telomere is the DNA sequence found on each end of a chromosome. In clones, they seem to be either longer or shorter than normal, therefore altering the life span of the clones, and causing obvious problems.
30. What is one reason why cloning animals has such a high failure rate?
Well the answer is- There are many failures do to the the embryo being often rejected by the surrogate mother- but the thing is, if it takes so many trials and errors, and the effects are unknown, and it will mess with the very way humans have been created since the beginning of the human population, it it really worth it? At least for humans I believe it is not.
Tuesday, January 4, 2011
Harvest of Fear
1. GM stands for genetically modified crop and it is a crop that in has been genetically modified in anyway.
2a. GM crops can also help farmers financially because of the GM crops resistance to pesticides.
2b. GM crops can give out many health benefits like that they last longer, and genetically modified crops have less sugar and oil then the original crops.
3a. GM foods are not tested as much because so much is being produced at such a fast rate, so some problems may be found in the food without anyone knowing.
3b. GM crops can harm the environment. Many scientists believe that the GM revolution is uncontrolable and can have a bad result
4. 3 tries.
5a. First is fries. Bioengineers are working to make better cooking oils for healthier fried foods with less saturated fat.
5b. Second is coffee. Companies are looking at engineering coffee beans so that there is less caffeine.
Do you think food should be labeled if it has been genetically modified?
I think genetically modified foods should be labeled. People have the right to know. If they want natural foods they should be able to stay away from genetically modified foods. Also, if people are scared that the GM food will have problems with it they dont have to eat it.
2a. GM crops can also help farmers financially because of the GM crops resistance to pesticides.
2b. GM crops can give out many health benefits like that they last longer, and genetically modified crops have less sugar and oil then the original crops.
3a. GM foods are not tested as much because so much is being produced at such a fast rate, so some problems may be found in the food without anyone knowing.
3b. GM crops can harm the environment. Many scientists believe that the GM revolution is uncontrolable and can have a bad result
4. 3 tries.
5a. First is fries. Bioengineers are working to make better cooking oils for healthier fried foods with less saturated fat.
5b. Second is coffee. Companies are looking at engineering coffee beans so that there is less caffeine.
Do you think food should be labeled if it has been genetically modified?
I think genetically modified foods should be labeled. People have the right to know. If they want natural foods they should be able to stay away from genetically modified foods. Also, if people are scared that the GM food will have problems with it they dont have to eat it.
Tuesday, December 14, 2010
Mitosis Virtual Lab
1. Which stage does the following occur
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes: Prophase
Chromosomes align in center of cell: Metaphase
Longest part of the cell cycle: Interphase
Nuclear envelope breaks down: Prometaphase
Cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells: Cytokinesis
Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles: Telephase
2. The colored chromosomes represent chromatids. There are two of each color because one is an exact duplicate of the other.
- How many chromosomes are visible at the beginning of mitosis? 4
- How many are in each daughter cell at the end of mitosis? 4
- The little green T shaped things on the cell are: Centrioles
- What happens to the centrioles during mitosis? They move to the poles of the parent cell.
3 . Identify the stages of these cells:
a) Interphase
b) Metaphase
c) Telephase
Classify the 36 cells:
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Total
Number of cells 20 10 3 2 1 36
Percent of cells 55% 28% 8% 6% 3% 100%
Mitosis in Whitefish & Onion Roots
View 1 View 2 View 3 View 4 View 5
Whitefish Telophase Metaphase Prophase Anaphase
Onion Prophase Metaphase Interphase Telophase Anaphase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes: Prophase
Chromosomes align in center of cell: Metaphase
Longest part of the cell cycle: Interphase
Nuclear envelope breaks down: Prometaphase
Cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells: Cytokinesis
Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles: Telephase
2. The colored chromosomes represent chromatids. There are two of each color because one is an exact duplicate of the other.
- How many chromosomes are visible at the beginning of mitosis? 4
- How many are in each daughter cell at the end of mitosis? 4
- The little green T shaped things on the cell are: Centrioles
- What happens to the centrioles during mitosis? They move to the poles of the parent cell.
3 . Identify the stages of these cells:
a) Interphase
b) Metaphase
c) Telephase
Classify the 36 cells:
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Total
Number of cells 20 10 3 2 1 36
Percent of cells 55% 28% 8% 6% 3% 100%
Mitosis in Whitefish & Onion Roots
View 1 View 2 View 3 View 4 View 5
Whitefish Telophase Metaphase Prophase Anaphase
Onion Prophase Metaphase Interphase Telophase Anaphase
Monday, December 6, 2010
Epigenetics and Environment
Indentical Twins
- Identical twins have the same exact gene sequence.
- The only reason twins are different is because of epigenetics.
- Epigenetics are environmental factors, such as diet, exercise, and whether or not you smoke or introduce other poisons to your body.
- After epigenetics takes place, the twins then become unique.
- An imprinted gene is when an epigenetic tag is not erased.
- For my epigenome, I have LOTS of exercise, I have a somewhat good diet, and Im hardly ever under stress, so my epigenome is probably having a good effect on me.
Lick your Rat
- A nurturing mother can help lower the rats stress level through life by licking it.
- The licking from the mother activates the GR gene.
- The GR protein will work together with the cortisol in the hippocampus in the brain, to help calm down the pup.
- If there is a bad parent that doesn't support love the child, the child may feel self concious or that there is something wrong with him.
Nutrition and The Epigenome
- The food we eat affects gene expression because diets high in methyl enriched nutrients can hugely alter and change gene expression, especially during early development and when the epigenome is first being created.
- Offspring can be affected through diets of adults from the reason stated above. Early in development when still in the mother, or even slightly after birth, the lack of methyl can cause problems even leading into adulthood.
Epigenetics and the Human Brain
-
- Identical twins have the same exact gene sequence.
- The only reason twins are different is because of epigenetics.
- Epigenetics are environmental factors, such as diet, exercise, and whether or not you smoke or introduce other poisons to your body.
- After epigenetics takes place, the twins then become unique.
- An imprinted gene is when an epigenetic tag is not erased.
- For my epigenome, I have LOTS of exercise, I have a somewhat good diet, and Im hardly ever under stress, so my epigenome is probably having a good effect on me.
Lick your Rat
- A nurturing mother can help lower the rats stress level through life by licking it.
- The licking from the mother activates the GR gene.
- The GR protein will work together with the cortisol in the hippocampus in the brain, to help calm down the pup.
- If there is a bad parent that doesn't support love the child, the child may feel self concious or that there is something wrong with him.
Nutrition and The Epigenome
- The food we eat affects gene expression because diets high in methyl enriched nutrients can hugely alter and change gene expression, especially during early development and when the epigenome is first being created.
- Offspring can be affected through diets of adults from the reason stated above. Early in development when still in the mother, or even slightly after birth, the lack of methyl can cause problems even leading into adulthood.
Epigenetics and the Human Brain
-
Wednesday, November 24, 2010
DNA Fingerprinting Lab
1. Unless you have an identical twin.
2. To search for criminals and to clear a suspects name in a crime.
3. A holographic lollipop was destroyed from being in mint condition.
4. The lollipop had been licked, so saliva was on it.
5. They work like scissors and cut the DNA molecule in certain spot.
6. It is a thick, porous, jello like substance that acts as a molecular strainer, allowing smaller pieces of DNA to move through easier than larger pieces.
7. It is the process in which an electric current which moves molecules around. Opposite poles attract negative DNA.
8. Easier
9. The DNA is transferred to the nylon so it is much easier to work with.
10. The probes attached themselves to the DNA fragments on the membrane but only where the coding matches up.
11. The probes were radioactive.
12. There 12 black bars of the fingerprint. Some are thinner than others, but they are all the same width. The fingerprint pretty much looked like a bar code.
13. Honey licked the lollipop. We know this because the fingerprint matched up.
14. You can do DNA replication, and protein synthesis.
15. How DNA profiling works by Shanna Freeman on January 2008.
DNA profiling is also known as DNA or genetic typing. DNA profiling is just simply the collection, processing and analysis of variable number tandem repeats. (VNTR)
2. To search for criminals and to clear a suspects name in a crime.
3. A holographic lollipop was destroyed from being in mint condition.
4. The lollipop had been licked, so saliva was on it.
5. They work like scissors and cut the DNA molecule in certain spot.
6. It is a thick, porous, jello like substance that acts as a molecular strainer, allowing smaller pieces of DNA to move through easier than larger pieces.
7. It is the process in which an electric current which moves molecules around. Opposite poles attract negative DNA.
8. Easier
9. The DNA is transferred to the nylon so it is much easier to work with.
10. The probes attached themselves to the DNA fragments on the membrane but only where the coding matches up.
11. The probes were radioactive.
12. There 12 black bars of the fingerprint. Some are thinner than others, but they are all the same width. The fingerprint pretty much looked like a bar code.
13. Honey licked the lollipop. We know this because the fingerprint matched up.
14. You can do DNA replication, and protein synthesis.
15. How DNA profiling works by Shanna Freeman on January 2008.
DNA profiling is also known as DNA or genetic typing. DNA profiling is just simply the collection, processing and analysis of variable number tandem repeats. (VNTR)
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